Blog
Guides, tutorials, and deep dives on knowledge graphs, AI extraction, RAG, and the workflow of turning documents into queryable graphs.
How to Build a Knowledge Graph From PDFs
From raw PDFs to a queryable graph in under an hour. Covers OCR fallback, layout-aware parsing, entity extraction, deduping, and Cypher loading — with real code.
Cypher vs SPARQL: A Side-by-Side Look at the Two Major Graph Query Languages
Cypher and SPARQL are the two query languages every knowledge graph engineer eventually learns. We compare them honestly — syntax, ergonomics, expressive power, and the ecosystem around each.
How to Extract Entities From Documents (NER in 2026)
spaCy, GLiNER, or Claude? A practical guide to picking and tuning a named entity recognition pipeline, with code, accuracy numbers, and gotchas.
From Notes to Knowledge Graph: Turning Markdown Into a Graph
Your note-taking app already stores a graph — you just cannot query it. Here is how to lift Markdown notes into a real graph database with proper schema and search.
Knowledge Graph Schema Design: A Practical Guide
Schema is what separates a useful graph from a hairball. Learn how to pick node types, edge types, properties, and indexes — and what to do when the schema needs to evolve.
Knowledge Graph Database Comparison: Neo4j, FalkorDB, Neptune, and More
Picking a graph database is the single most consequential choice in a knowledge graph project. We compare the six platforms that show up in real procurement processes, with version numbers, query languages, and benchmark notes.
Knowledge Graphs for AI Agents: Memory, Tools, and Grounded Reasoning
Agents that only have a vector store as memory get lost on long horizons. Agents with a knowledge graph have a map — typed entities, typed edges, and a substrate they can plan over.
Knowledge Graphs for Legal Research: From Citator to Connected Map
Westlaw and LexisNexis index millions of cases, but a citator is a list, not a map. Knowledge graphs let legal teams traverse the relationships between cases, parties, judges, statutes, and arguments.
Knowledge Graphs for Medical Literature: From PubMed Sprawl to a Curated Map
PubMed indexes 35M+ citations and adds roughly a million per year. Reading them is impossible; querying them as a graph is feasible.
Using a Knowledge Graph for Personal Knowledge Management (PKM)
Notion gives you pages. Obsidian gives you links. Neither lets you query 'every project I worked on with X using Y'. Here is how to build a PKM that does.
Knowledge Graph SEO: How Entity-Based Search Reshaped Optimization
Google announced its Knowledge Graph in 2012 — a shift from indexing strings to indexing things. Modern SEO is mostly the practical fallout of that shift.
Knowledge Graph Use Cases for Teams: Turning Tacit Knowledge Into Shared Maps
Most team knowledge dies in Slack threads and Google Docs that nobody re-reads. A knowledge graph is the cheapest way to turn that exhaust into a navigable map the whole team can query.
Knowledge Graph vs Ontology: A Practical Distinction
An ontology is a schema for meaning; a knowledge graph is a populated dataset that follows that schema. Mixing them up leads to projects that either drown in formalism or never grow past a prototype.
Knowledge Graph vs RDF: Two Things People Keep Confusing
RDF is a way to write down a graph; a knowledge graph is what you populate with actual facts. The W3C stack is one option for storing one. Property graphs are another. The choice has real consequences.
Named Entity Recognition Explained: From Stanford NER to BERT and LLMs
Named Entity Recognition is the unglamorous step that decides whether your knowledge graph is useful. From Stanford NER's CRFs to BERT to LLMs, the techniques have shifted, but the failure modes have not.
RAG with Knowledge Graphs: Why GraphRAG Beats Vector-Only Retrieval
Vector RAG retrieves passages by similarity. Graph RAG retrieves entities and the relationships between them — unlocking multi-hop questions that pure embeddings cannot answer.
How to Visualize a Knowledge Graph
Force-directed for under 1K nodes. WebGL for under 100K. Aggregation for anything bigger. Here is how to pick a layout, a library, and survive when the graph is too large to draw.
What Is a Knowledge Graph? Definitions, History, and Why It Matters
Knowledge graphs are not just diagrams. They are typed, queryable networks of entities and relationships, with a long lineage in semantic web research and a very recent surge in AI use.
What Makes a Good Knowledge Graph? Six Properties That Separate Useful from Useless
Most teams' first knowledge graph is a 'pile of triples'. The good ones share six concrete properties — and skipping any of them is the difference between a queryable asset and a write-only data swamp.
Wikidata vs Custom Knowledge Graph: Which Should You Build On?
Wikidata is free, huge, and structured — and a terrible fit for many domain knowledge graphs. Here is when to extend Wikidata, when to build from scratch, and when to do both.
How to Turn a PDF Into a Knowledge Graph
Upload any PDF and let AI extract people, organizations, concepts, and their relationships into a visual knowledge graph you can explore and edit.
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